Which management function primarily involves establishing the organization's vision and mission?

The choice of leading as the correct answer is rooted in the concept that leadership encompasses guiding and inspiring individuals towards a shared vision and mission. In effective leadership, the leader articulates a compelling vision that motivates employees and aligns their efforts towards achieving the organization’s goals. This function involves not only communicating the vision but also fostering a culture that embraces the mission, thereby influencing the organization’s direction and inspiring commitment from team members.

While planning plays a crucial role in defining the strategies and steps needed to achieve the vision and mission, it primarily focuses on setting objectives and determining how to reach them rather than initiating the vision itself. Controlling and organizing are essential functions that facilitate smooth operations and ensure tasks are executed effectively, but they do not directly involve creating or establishing the vision and mission. In summary, leading stands out as the management function that directly aligns with establishing and promoting the organization's vision and mission, driving the team towards a unified purpose.